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Case Reports
Pulmonary
A fatal case report of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis coinfection in an immunocompetent patient with coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea
Jin Hyoung Kim, Misung Kim, Soyeoun Lim, Sun Young Park, Yangjin Jegal, Taehoon Lee, Byung Ju Kang
Acute Crit Care. 2023;38(3):382-388.   Published online June 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01340
  • 3,976 View
  • 120 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Systemic glucocorticoid treatment is highly recommended in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, secondary fungal infections are of concern in such patients. Here, we describe the first case of COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) coinfection in a COVID-19 positive immunocompetent patient in Korea. A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia. He had no underlying comorbidities and was not taking medications. He received remdesivir, dexamethasone, and antibiotic therapy under mechanical ventilation. Although his condition improved temporarily, multiple cavities were observed on chest computed tomography, and Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from tracheal aspiration culture. He was diagnosed with probable CAPA and received voriconazole therapy. However, his condition was not significantly improved despite having received voriconazole therapy for 4 weeks. After release from COVID-19 quarantine, he underwent bronchoscopy examination and was then finally diagnosed with CAPA and CAM coinfection on bronchoscopic biopsy. Antifungal treatment was changed to liposomal amphotericin B. However, his progress deteriorated, and he died 4 months after admission. This case highlights that clinical suspicion and active checkups are required to diagnose secondary fungal infections in immunocompetent COVID-19 patients who receive concurrent glucocorticoid therapy.

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  • Incidence and Temporal Dynamics of Combined Infections in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients With Risk Factors for Severe Complications
    Sin Young Ham, Seungjae Lee, Min-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Jeon, Eunyoung Lee, Subin Kim, Jae-Phil Choi, Hee-Chang Jang, Sang-Won Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mixed Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis Infections in Patients with COVID-19: Case Series and Literature Review
    Elahe Sasani, Farzad Pakdel, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Mohammadreza Salehi, Amir Salami, Marjan Sohrabi, Pouyan Aminishakiba, Iman Amirafzali, Arezoo Salami Khaneshan
    Mycopathologia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of co‐existent COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and its impact on early mortality in patients with COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM)
    Valliappan Muthu, Ritesh Agarwal, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Deepak Thangaraju, Manoj Radhakishan Shevkani, Atul K. Patel, Prakash Srinivas Shastri, Ashwini Tayade, Sudhir Bhandari, Vishwanath Gella, Jayanthi Savio, Surabhi Madan, Vinaykumar Hallur,
    Mycoses.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Aspergillosis coinfection in patients with proven mucormycosis
    Sang Hyun Ra, Ji Yeun Kim, Joon Seon Song, Hyeon Mu Jang, Euijin Chang, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim
    Medical Mycology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Successful treatment of mixed pulmonary Aspergillus and Mucor infection using intrabronchial amphotericin B infusion: a case report and literature review
    Fei-Xiang Ling, Dong-Ming Qu, Ye-Quan Lu, Rou Li, Lei Zhao
    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide cohort study
    Sang Hwan Lee, Yun Jin Kim, Jaehoon Oh, Hyunggoo Kang, Kyung Hun Yoo, Byuk Sung Ko, Tae Ho Lim, Bo-Guen Kim, Hyun Lee, Sang-Heon Kim, Jang Won Sohn, Ho Joo Yoon, Hayoung Choi, Yongil Cho, Dong Won Park
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dual Disseminated Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis Diagnosed at Autopsy: A Report of Two Cases of Coinfection and a Review of the Literature
    Jason Murray, Zhen A. Lu, Karin Miller, Alex Meadows, Marissa Totten, Sean X. Zhang
    Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(3): 357.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 and Fungal infections: a double debacle
    Sara Mina, Hajar Yaakoub, Cédric Annweiler, Vincent Dubée, Nicolas Papon
    Microbes and Infection.2022; 24(8): 105039.     CrossRef
Toxicology
Methidathion Poisoning
Ki Hoon Kim, Se Hun Kim, Charles Her
Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32(4):363-369.   Published online January 17, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00073
  • 6,515 View
  • 152 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Although methidathion is an organophosphate insecticide, it is different from the other organophosphates in terms of toxicity. Because of its relatively high fat solubility, the apparent volume of methidathion distribution throughout the body is very high, indicating that hemoperfusion is not effective in removing this organophosphate from the body. Redistribution of methidathion from fat to blood can also occur when plasma levels diminish. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase aging, which is the loss of an alkyl side chain that prevents reactivation by oximes, is very rapid so that the effective reactivation by oximes is thwarted. Thus, methidathion’s effect on acetylcholinesterase inhibition is long lasting, particularly with a high dose. In addition to its parasympatholytic effect and ability to induce muscle paralysis, methidathion poisoning is associated with a profound and long-lasting circulatory collapse due to sympathetic ganglion blockade. This report presents the case of a 55-year-old man who accidentally ingested a high dose of methidathion. He later developed enteroinvasive aspergillosis infection-induced multiple bowel perforations on two separate occasions while on mechanical ventilator support, resulting in a fatal outcome. The renin-angiotensin axis activated by sympathetic ganglion blockade may have reduced the patient’s splanchnic blood flow, contributing to translocation of endotoxin. Also, the effect of excessive acetylcholine on non-neuronal acetylcholine receptors may have contributed to the development of fatal enteroinvasive aspergillosis in this patient.

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  • A case report of acute kidney injury following organophosphate methidathion poisoning
    Bilel Chefirat, Anissa Zergui, Haciba Rezk-Kallah
    Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique.2022; 34(2): 121.     CrossRef
Infection
Primary Invasive Intestinal Aspergillosis in a Non-Severely Immunocompromised Patient
Eunmi Gil, Tae Sun Ha, Gee Young Suh, Chi Ryang Chung, Chi-Min Park
Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(2):129-133.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.129
Correction in: Acute Crit Care 2016;31(3):263
  • 8,681 View
  • 121 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is most commonly seen in patients with risk factors, such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, prolonged neutropenia, corticosteroids, transplantation and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. IA commonly occurs in the respiratory tract. Extrapulmonary aspergillosis is usually a part of a disseminated infection, and primary invasive intestinal aspergillosis is very rare. Herein, we report a case of an immunocompetent 53-year-old male who suffered recurrent septic shock in the intensive care unit (ICU) and was finally diagnosed as invasive intestinal aspergillosis without dissemination. IA is rarely considered for patients who do not have an immune disorder. Thus, when such cases do occur, the diagnosis is delayed and the clinical outcome is often poor. However, there is a growing literature reporting IA cases in patients without an immune disorder, mostly among ICU patients. Primary intestinal aspergillosis should be considered for critically ill patients, especially with severe disrupted gastrointestinal mucosal barrier.

Citations

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  • Aspergillus fumigatus cholangitis in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma: case report and review of the literature
    Kathrin Rothe, Sebastian Rasch, Nina Wantia, Alexander Poszler, Joerg Ulrich, Christoph Schlag, Wolfgang Huber, Roland M. Schmid, Dirk H. Busch, Tobias Lahmer
    Infection.2021; 49(1): 159.     CrossRef
Acute Respiratory Failure from Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report
Jong Sun Park, Jae Joon Yim, Seok Chul Yang, Chul Gyu Yoo, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Young Soo Shim, Sang Min Lee
Korean J Crit Care Med. 2009;24(3):172-175.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2009.24.3.172
  • 2,946 View
  • 36 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis has traditionally been known as a disease of an immunocompromised host. We report here on a case of an immunocompetent 73-year-old male who presented with dyspnea and he was finally diagnosed as suffering with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. He died from progressive respiratory failure and secondary bacterial sepsis despite of voriconazole treatment. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in patients with atypical pneumonia that does not respond to the usual antibiotics therapy, and even if the patient does not have an obvious history of an immunosuppressive status. An early suspicion with prompt treatment is important to improve the patient outcome.

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