Acute and Critical Care

Original Articles

Cardiology
Clinical implications of pleural effusion following left ventricular assist device implantation: So-Min Lim, Ah-Ram Kim, Junho Hyun, Sang-Eun Lee, Pil-Je Kang, Sung-Ho Jung, Min-Seok Kim; Acute Crit Care. 2024;39(1):169-178. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2023.01102

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Background
Studies on the association between pleural effusion (PE) and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are limited. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and the clinical impact of PE following LVAD implantation. Methods: This study is a prospective analysis of patients who underwent LVAD implantation from June 2015 to December 2022. We investigated the prognostic impact of therapeutic drainage (TD) on clinical outcomes. We also compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes between early and late PE and examined the factors related to the development of late PE. Results: A total of 71 patients was analyzed. The TD group (n=45) had a longer ward stay (days; median [interquartile range]: 31.0 [23.0–46.0] vs. 21.0 [16.0–34.0], P=0.006) and total hospital stay (47.0 [36.0–82.0] vs. 31.0 [22.0–48.0], P=0.002) compared to the no TD group (n=26). Early PE was mostly exudate, left-sided, and neutrophil-dominant even though predominance of lymphocytes was the most common finding in late PE. Patients with late PE had a higher rate of reintubation within 14 days (31.8% vs. 4.1%, P=0.004) and longer hospital stays than those without late PE (67.0 [43.0–104.0] vs. 36.0 [28.0–48.0], P<0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that female sex, low body mass index, cardiac resynchronization therapy, and hypoalbuminemia were associated with late PE. Conclusions: Compared to patients not undergoing TD, those undergoing TD had a longer hospital stay but not a higher 90-day mortality. Patients with late PE had poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, the correction of risk factors, like hypoalbuminemia, may be required.

Citations

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Nuances of pleural effusion after left ventricular assist devices implantation: insights from therapeutic drainage and preoperative predictors
Huijin Lee, Jeehoon Kang
Acute and Critical Care.2024; 39(1): 192. CrossRef

Pediatrics
Early postoperative arrhythmias after pediatric congenital heart disease surgery: a 5-year audit from a lower- to middle-income country: Sidra Ishaque, Saleem Akhtar, Asma Akbar Ladak, Russell Seth Martins, Muhammad Kamran Younis Memon, Alisha Raza Kazmi, Fatima Mahmood, Anwar ul Haque; Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(2):217-223. Published online February 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00990

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Abstract PDF

Background
Arrhythmias are known complication after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to identify and discuss their immediate prevalence, diagnosis and management at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan between January 2014 and December 2018. All pediatric (<18 years old) patients admitted to the intensive care unit and undergoing continuous electrocardiographic monitoring after surgery for CHD were included in this study. Data pertaining to the incidence, diagnosis, and management of postoperative arrhythmias were collected. Results: Amongst 812 children who underwent surgery for CHD, 185 (22.8%) developed arrhythmias. Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) was the most common arrhythmia, observed in 120 patients (64.9%), followed by complete heart block (CHB) in 33 patients (17.8%). The highest incidence of early postoperative arrhythmia was seen in patients with atrioventricular septal defects (64.3%) and transposition of the great arteries (36.4%). Patients were managed according to the Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines. JET resolved successfully within 24 hours in 92% of patients, while 16 (48%) patients with CHB required a permanent pacemaker. Conclusions: More than one in five pediatric patients suffered from early postoperative arrhythmias in our setting. Further research exploring predictive factors and the development of better management protocols of patients with CHB are essential for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with postoperative arrhythmia.

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Prevalence and risk factors analysis of early postoperative arrhythmia after congenital heart surgery in pediatric patients
Ketut Putu Yasa, Arinda Agung Katritama, I. Komang Adhi Parama Harta, I. Wayan Sudarma
Journal of Arrhythmia.2024; 40(2): 356. CrossRef
Improvements in Accuracy and Confidence in Rhythm Identification After Cardiac Surgery Using the AtriAmp Signals
Diane H. Brown, Xiao Zhang, Awni M. Al-Subu, Nicholas H. Von Bergen
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine.2023; 38(9): 809. CrossRef

Review Article

Pulmonary
Critical care management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy: the pre-, peri- and post-partum stages: Vorakamol Phoophiboon, Monvasi Pachinburavan, Nicha Ruamsap, Natthawan Sanguanwong, Nattapong Jaimchariyatam; Acute Crit Care. 2021;36(4):286-293. Published online November 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.00458

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Abstract PDF

The mortality rate of pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy is 25%–56%. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is the highest incidence among this group, especially in young women. Despite clear recommendation of pregnancy avoidance, certain groups of patients are initially diagnosed during the gestational age step into the third trimester. While the presence of right ventricular failure in early gestation is usually trivial, it can be more severe in the late trimester. Current evidence shows no consensus in the management and serious precautions for each stage of the pre-, peri- and post-partum periods of this specific group. Pulmonary hypertension-targeted drugs, mode of delivery, type of anesthesia, and some avoidances should be planned among a multidisciplinary team to enhance maternal and fetal survival opportunities. Sudden circulatory collapse from cardiac decompensation during the peri- and post-partum phases is detrimental, and mechanical support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered for mitigating hemodynamics and extending cardiac recovery time. Our review aims to explain the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and summarize the current evidence for critical management and precautions in each stage of pregnancy.

Citations

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Maternal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Congenital Heart Disease–Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Qian Zhang, Fang Zhu, Guocheng Shi, Chen Hu, Weituo Zhang, Puzhen Huang, Chunfeng Zhu, Hong Gu, Dong Yang, Qiangqiang Li, Yonghua Niu, Hao Chen, Ruixiang Ma, Ziyi Pan, Huixian Miao, Xin Zhang, Genxia Li, Yabing Tang, Guyuan Qiao, Yichen Yan, Zhongqun Zhu,
Circulation.2023; 147(7): 549. CrossRef
Pregnancy in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Light of New ESC Guidelines on Pulmonary Hypertension
Karolina Barańska-Pawełczak, Celina Wojciechowska, Wojciech Jacheć
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(5): 4625. CrossRef
Pregnancy in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Report and Literature Analysis
一人王
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(10): 16433. CrossRef
Effects of maternal pulmonary arterial hypertension on fetal hemodynamics and maternal‐fetal outcome in late pregnancy
Yuan Yuan Xing, Yanping Ruan, Huai Qin, Lei Zhao, Qing Zhao, Yun Wei, Jie Chen, Xiaohai Ma
Echocardiography.2023; 40(12): 1339. CrossRef
Clinical Analysis in 82 Pregnant Women with the Severity of Pulmonary Hypertension
安芬李
Advances in Clinical Medicine.2023; 13(11): 18492. CrossRef

Original Article

CPR/Resuscitation
Is two-dimensional echocardiography better than electrocardiography for predicting patient outcomes after cardiac arrest?: Dong Ki Kim, Yong Soo Cho, Joochan Kim, Byung Kook Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Eujene Jung, Jeong Mi Moon, Byeong Jo Chun; Acute Crit Care. 2021;36(1):37-45. Published online December 21, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00773

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Background
Coronary artery stenosis increases hospital mortality and leads to poor neurological recovery in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. However, electrocardiography (ECG) cannot fully predict the presence of coronary artery stenosis in CA patients. Hence, we aimed to determine whether regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA), as observed by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), predicted patient survival outcomes with greater accuracy than did ST segment elevation (STE) on ECG in CA patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) after return of spontaneous circulation.
Methods
This was a retrospective observational study of adult patients with CA of presumed cardiac etiology who underwent CAG at a single tertiary care hospital. We investigated whether RWMA observed on 2DE predicted patient outcomes more accurately than did STE observed on ECG. The primary outcome was incidence of hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category scores measured 6 months after discharge and significant coronary artery stenosis on CAG.
Results
Among the 145 patients, 36 (24.8%) experienced in-hospital death. In multivariable analysis of survival outcomes, only total arrest time (P=0.011) and STE (P=0.035) were significant. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), which were obtained by adjusting the total arrest time for survival outcomes, were significant only for STE (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17–0.94). The presence of RWMA was not a significant factor.
Conclusions
While STE predicted survival outcomes in adult CA patients, RWMA did not. The decision to perform CAG after CA should include ECG under existing guidelines. The use of RWMA has limited benefits in treatment of this population.

Citations

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Just the Facts: Management of return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Hashim Kareemi, Ariel Hendin, Christian Vaillancourt
Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine.2023; 25(7): 580. CrossRef

Review Article

Basic science and research
Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: a review of pathophysiology: Reverien Habimana, Insu Choi, Hwa Jin Cho, Dowan Kim, Kyoseon Lee, Inseok Jeong; Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(2):57-66. Published online May 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00248

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Abstract PDF

It is well known that cardiac dysfunction in sepsis is associated with significantly increased mortality. The pathophysiology of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction can be summarized as involving impaired myocardial circulation, direct myocardial depression, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Impaired blood flow to the myocardium is associated with microvascular dysfunction, impaired endothelium, and ventriculo-arterial uncoupling. The mechanisms behind direct myocardial depression consist of downregulation of β-adrenoceptors and several myocardial suppressants (such as cytokine and nitric oxide). Recent research has highlighted that mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in energy depletion, is a major factor in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, the authors summarize the pathophysiological process of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis based on the results of recent studies.

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Original Articles

Rapid response system
Effectiveness of a daytime rapid response system in hospitalized surgical ward patients: Eunjin Yang, Hannah Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Sulhee Kim, Ho Geol Ryu, Hyun Joo Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Seung-Young Oh; Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(2):77-86. Published online May 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2019.00661

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Background
Clinical deteriorations during hospitalization are often preventable with a rapid response system (RRS). We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a daytime RRS for surgical hospitalized patients.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 20 general surgical wards at a 1,779-bed University hospital from August 2013 to July 2017 (August 2013 to July 2015, pre-RRS-period; August 2015 to July 2017, post-RRS-period). The primary outcome was incidence of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) when the RRS was operating. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of total and preventable cardiopulmonary arrest, in-hospital mortality, the percentage of “do not resuscitate” orders, and the survival of discharged CPA patients.
Results
The relative risk (RR) of CPA per 1,000 admissions during RRS operational hours (weekdays from 7 AM to 7 PM) in the post-RRS-period compared to the pre-RRS-period was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 1.13; P=0.099) and the RR of total CPA regardless of RRS operating hours was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.28; P=0.301). The preventable CPA after RRS implementation was significantly lower than that before RRS implementation (RR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.88; P=0.028). There were no statistical differences in in-hospital mortality and the survival rate of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. Do-not-resuscitate decisions significantly increased during after RRS implementation periods compared to pre-RRS periods (RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.59; P<0.001).
Conclusions
The day-time implementation of the RRS did not significantly reduce the rate of CPA whereas the system effectively reduced the rate of preventable CPA during periods when the system was operating.

Citations

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Thoracic Surgery
How small is enough for the left heart decompression cannula during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?: Sua Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Jae Seung Shin, Hong Ju Shin; Acute Crit Care. 2019;34(4):263-268. Published online November 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2019.00577

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Abstract PDF

Background
Left ventricular (LV) distension is a recognizable problem accompanied by subsequent complications during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). However, no gold standard for LV decompression has been established, and no minimal flow requirement has been designated. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of the 8-Fr Mullins sheath for left heart decompression during VA-ECMO in adult patients.
Methods
Left heart decompression was performed when severe pulmonary edema was detected on chest radiography or when no generation of pulse pressure followed severe LV dysfunction in patients receiving VA-ECMO. We punctured the interatrial septum and inserted an 8-Fr Mullins sheath into the left atrium via the femoral vein. The sheath was connected to the venous catheter used for ECMO. The catheter was maintained during VA-ECMO.
Results
The left heart decompression procedure was performed in seven of 35 patients who received VA-ECMO between February 2017 and June 2018. Three patients had acute myocardial infarction; three, fulminant myocarditis; and one, dilated cardiomyopathy. Four patients showed noticeable improvement of pulmonary edema within 3 days, and three patients with a pulse pressure of <10 mm Hg showed an increase in pulse pressure of >20 mm Hg within 24 hours from the left heart decompression procedure. All seven patients were successfully weaned from VA-ECMO. No complications related to the left heart decompression procedure occurred.
Conclusions
An 8-Fr sheath may be a possible option for left heart decompression in adult patients with LV distension under VA-ECMO who are expecting recovery of LV function.

Citations

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Enzo Lüsebrink, Leonhard Binzenhöfer, Antonia Kellnar, Christoph Müller, Clemens Scherer, Benedikt Schrage, Dominik Joskowiak, Tobias Petzold, Daniel Braun, Stefan Brunner, Sven Peterss, Jörg Hausleiter, Sebastian Zimmer, Frank Born, Dirk Westermann, Holg
Clinical Research in Cardiology.2023; 112(4): 464. CrossRef
Hemodynamic Management During Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock: A Review
Chengfen Yin, Lei Xu
Intensive Care Research.2023; 3(2): 131. CrossRef
Satisfactory outcome with activated clotting time <160 seconds in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Beong Ki Kim, Jeong In Hong, Jinwook Hwang, Hong Ju Shin
Medicine.2022; 101(37): e30568. CrossRef
Outcomes of left ventricular unloading with a transseptal cannula during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults
Ah‐Ram Kim, Hanbit Park, Sang‐Eun Lee, Jung‐Min Ahn, Duk‐Woo Park, Seung‐Whan Lee, Jae‐Joong Kim, Seung‐Jung Park, Jung Ae Hong, Pil‐Je Kang, Sung‐Ho Jung, Min‐Seok Kim
Artificial Organs.2021; 45(4): 390. CrossRef
Surgical minimal invasive left atrial decompression during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pediatric acute fulminant myocarditis
Li Fen Ye, Qiang Shu, Chenmei Zhang, Yong Fan, Liyang Ying, Lijun Yang, Ru Lin
World Journal of Pediatric Surgery.2021; 4(4): e000291. CrossRef
Increasing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow puts higher demands on left ventricular work in a porcine model of chronic heart failure
Pavel Hála, Mikuláš Mlček, Petr Ošťádal, Michaela Popková, David Janák, Tomáš Bouček, Stanislav Lacko, Jaroslav Kudlička, Petr Neužil, Otomar Kittnar
Journal of Translational Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients
Keshava Rajagopal, Steven P. Keller, Bindu Akkanti, Christian Bime, Pranav Loyalka, Faisal H. Cheema, Joseph B. Zwischenberger, Aly El Banayosy, Federico Pappalardo, Mark S. Slaughter, Marvin J. Slepian
Circulation: Heart Failure.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO—A “Living Working Document”
Keshava Rajagopal, Steven P. Keller, Bindu Akkanti, Christian Bime, Pranav Loyalka, Faisal H. Cheema, Joseph B. Zwischenberger, Aly El Banayosy, Federico Pappalardo, Mark S. Slaughter, Marvin J. Slepian
ASAIO Journal.2020; 66(6): 588. CrossRef

CPR/Resuscitation
Risk factors associated with inpatient cardiac arrest during emergency endotracheal intubation at general wards: Chul Park; Acute Crit Care. 2019;34(3):212-218. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2019.00598; Correction in: Acute Crit Care 2020;35(3):228

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Abstract PDF

Background
Peri-intubation cardiac arrest (PICA) following emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a rare, however, potentially preventable type of cardiac arrest. Limited published data have described factors associated with inpatient PICA and patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with PICA among hospitalized patients emergently intubated at a general ward as compared to non-PICA inpatients. In addition, we identified a difference of clinical outcomes in patients between PICA and other types of inpatient cardiac arrest (OTICA).
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients at two institutions between January 2016 to December 2017. PICA was defined in patients emergently intubated who experienced cardiac arrest within 20 minutes after ETI. The non-PICA group consisted of inpatients emergently intubated without cardiac arrest. Risk factors for PICA were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Clinical outcomes were compared between PICA and OTICA.
Results
Fifteen episodes of PICA occurred during the study period, accounting for 3.6% of all inpatient arrests. Intubation-related shock index, number of intubation attempts, pre-ETI vasopressor use, and neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) use, especially succinylcholine, were independently associated with PICA. Clinical outcomes of intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, survival to discharge, and neurologic outcome at hospital discharge were not significantly different between PICA and OTICA.
Conclusions
We identified four independent risk factors for PICA, and preintubation hemodynamic stabilization and avoidance of NMBA were possibly correlated with a decreased PICA risk. Clinical outcomes of PICA were similar to those of OTICA.

Citations

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Risk factors for peri-intubation cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ting-Hao Yang, Shih-Chieh Shao, Yi-Chih Lee, Chien-Han Hsiao, Chieh-Ching Yen
Biomedical Journal.2023; : 100656. CrossRef
Reverse shock index (RSI) as a predictor of post-intubation cardiac arrest (PICA)
Mehdi Torabi, Ghazal Soleimani Mahani, Moghaddameh Mirzaee
International Journal of Emergency Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence and factors associated with out-of-hospital peri-intubation cardiac arrest: a secondary analysis of the CURASMUR trial
Cédric Gil-Jardiné, Patricia Jabre, Frederic Adnet, Thomas Nicol, Patrick Ecollan, Bertrand Guihard, Cyril Ferdynus, Valery Bocquet, Xavier Combes
Internal and Emergency Medicine.2022; 17(2): 611. CrossRef
Risk factors associated with peri-intubation cardiac arrest in the emergency department
Ting-Hao Yang, Kuan-Fu Chen, Shi-Ying Gao, Chih-Chuan Lin
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2022; 58: 229. CrossRef
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Rohit S. Loomba, Riddhi Patel, Elizabeth Kunnel, Enrique G. Villarreal, Juan S. Farias, Saul Flores
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Comparison of Suction Rates Between a Standard Yankauer, a Commercial Large-Bore Suction Device, and a Makeshift Large-Bore Suction Device
Dhimitri A. Nikolla, Briana King, Andrew Heslin, Jestin N. Carlson
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Kunal Karamchandani, Jonathan Wheelwright, Ae Lim Yang, Nathaniel D. Westphal, Ashish K. Khanna, Sheila N. Myatra
Anesthesia & Analgesia.2021; 133(3): 648. CrossRef
Further Validation of a Novel Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk Stratification (nARS) System for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Shinnosuke Sawano, Kenichi Sakakura, Kei Yamamoto, Yousuke Taniguchi, Takunori Tsukui, Masaru Seguchi, Hiroshi Wada, Shin-ichi Momomura, Hideo Fujita
International Heart Journal.2020; 61(3): 463. CrossRef
Corrigendum to: Risk factors associated with inpatient cardiac arrest during emergency endotracheal intubation at general wards
Chul Park
Acute and Critical Care.2020; 35(3): 228. CrossRef

Case Report

Pulmonary
Right ventricular assist device with an oxygenator using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation in a patient with severe respiratory failure and right heart decompensation: Dong Kyu Oh, Tae Sun Shim, Kyung-Wook Jo, Seung-Il Park, Dong Kwan Kim, Sehoon Choi, Geun Dong Lee, Sung-Ho Jung, Pil-Je Kang, Sang-Bum Hong; Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(2):117-121. Published online April 8, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2018.00416

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Abstract PDF

Right heart decompensation is a fatal complication in patients with respiratory failure, particularly in those transitioned to lung transplantation using veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). In these patients, veno-arterial (V-A ECMO) or veno-arterialvenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-AV ECMO) is used to support both cardiac and respiratory function. However, these processes may increase the risk of device-related complications such as bleeding, thromboembolism, and limb ischemia. In the present case, a 64-year-old male patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis developed respiratory failure and commenced treatment with V-V ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation. Unfortunately, the patient developed right heart decompensation and required both cardiac and respiratory support during treatment with V-V ECMO. Instead of adding arterial cannulation, he was switched to a novel configuration, a right ventricular assist device with an oxygenator (Oxy- RVAD) using ECMO, with drainage cannulation from the femoral vein and return cannulation to the main pulmonary artery. The patient was successfully bridged to lung transplantation without serious complications after 10 days of Oxy-RVAD support. To the best of our knowledge, this is an extreme rare and challenging case of Oxy-RVAD using ECMO in a patient successfully bridged to lung transplantation.

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Asad Ali Usman, Audrey Elizabeth Spelde, Wasim Lutfi, Jacob T. Gutsche, William J. Vernick, Omar Toubat, Salim E. Olia, Edward Cantu, Andrew Courtright, Maria M. Crespo, Joshua Diamond, Mauer Biscotti, Christian A. Bermudez
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Right Ventricular Assist Device with an Oxygenator for the Management of Combined Right Ventricular and Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review.
Juliette Beaulieu, Christine Vu, Sanjog Kalra, Hamza Ouazani Chahdi, Julie Cousineau, Alexis Matteau, Samer Mansour, E. Marc Jolicoeur, Sabrina Jacques, Bénédicte Nauche, Renata Podbielski, Pasquale Ferraro, Charles Poirier, Brian J. Potter
Canadian Journal of Cardiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Early Mobilization for a Patient With a Right Ventricular Assist Device With an Oxygenator
Sheena MacFarlane, Vanessa Lee, Adrienne H. Simonds, Samantha Alvarez, Samantha Carty, Kevin H. Ewers, Victoria R. Kelly, Parker Linden, Amanda L. Moskal
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Hye-ji Han, Bongjin Lee, Won Jin Jang, Ji Won Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Sungkyu Cho, June Dong Park
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2023; 10(4): 175. CrossRef
Right Ventricular Assist Device With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Bridging Right Ventricular Heart Failure to Lung Transplantation: A Single-Center Case Series and Literature Review
Jae Guk Lee, Chuiyong Pak, Dong Kyu Oh, Ho Cheol Kim, Pil-Je Kang, Geun Dong Lee, Se Hoon Choi, Sung-Ho Jung, Sang-Bum Hong
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2022; 36(6): 1686. CrossRef
Advanced Circulatory Support and Lung Transplantation in Pulmonary Hypertension
Marie M. Budev, James J. Yun
Cardiology Clinics.2022; 40(1): 129. CrossRef
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Heather Torbic, Benjamin Hohlfelder, Sudhir Krishnan, Adriano R. Tonelli
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics.2022; 27: 107424842110690. CrossRef
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Varunsiri Atti, Mahesh Anantha Narayanan, Brijesh Patel, Sudarshan Balla, Aleem Siddique, Scott Lundgren, Poonam Velagapudi
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Asad A. Usman, Audrey E. Spelde, Michael Ibrahim, Marisa Cevasco, Christian Bermudez, Emily MacKay, Sameer Khandhar, Wilson Szeto, William Vernick, Jacob Gutsche
ASAIO Journal.2022; 68(12): 1461. CrossRef
Percutaneous Pulmonary Artery Cannulation to Treat Acute Secondary Right Heart Failure While on Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Kelly M. Ivins-O’Keefe, Michael S. Cahill, Arthur R. Mielke, Michal J. Sobieszczyk, Valerie G. Sams, Phillip E. Mason, Matthew D. Read
ASAIO Journal.2022; 68(12): 1483. CrossRef
The ProtekDuo for percutaneous V-P and V-VP ECMO in patients with COVID-19 ARDS
Ahmed M El Banayosy, Aly El Banayosy, Joseph M Brewer, Mircea R Mihu, Jaclyn M Chidester, Laura V Swant, Robert S Schoaps, Ammar Sharif, Marc O Maybauer
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Christopher J. Mullin, Corey E. Ventetuolo
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Jae Kyeom Sim, Kyeongman Jeon, Gee Young Suh, Suryeun Chung, Yang Hyun Cho
ASAIO Journal.2021; 67(7): e127. CrossRef
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Sung Kwang Lee, Do Hyung Kim, Woo Hyun Cho, Hye Ju Yeo
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Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2021; 35(12): 3496. CrossRef
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Original Article

CPR/Resuscitation
Comparison between Gel Pad Cooling Device and Water Blanket during Target Temperature Management in Cardiac Arrest Patients: Yoon Sun Jung, Kyung Su Kim, Gil Joon Suh, Jun-Hwi Cho; Acute Crit Care. 2018;33(4):246-251. Published online November 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2018.00192

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Target temperature management (TTM) improves neurological outcomes for comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We compared the efficacy and safety of a gel pad cooling device (GP) and a water blanket (WB) during TTM.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis in a single hospital, wherein we measured the time to target temperature (<34°C) after initiation of cooling to evaluate the effectiveness of the cooling method. The temperature farthest from 33°C was selected every hour during maintenance. Generalized estimation equation analysis was used to compare the absolute temperature differences from 33°C during the maintenance period. If the selected temperature was not between 32°C and 34°C, the hour was considered a deviation from the target. We compared the deviation rates during hypothermia maintenance to evaluate the safety of the different methods.
Results
A GP was used for 23 patients among of 53 patients, and a WB was used for the remaining. There was no difference in baseline temperature at the start of cooling between the two patient groups (GP, 35.7°C vs. WB, 35.6°C; P=0.741). The time to target temperature (134.2 minutes vs. 233.4 minutes, P=0.056) was shorter in the GP patient group. Deviation from maintenance temperature (2.0% vs. 23.7%, P<0.001) occurred significantly more frequently in the WB group. The mean absolute temperature difference from 33°C during the maintenance period was 0.19°C (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17°C to 0.21°C) in the GP group and 0.76°C (95% CI, 0.71°C to 0.80°C) in the WB group. GP significantly decreased this difference by 0.59°C (95% CI, 0.44°C to 0.75°C; P<0.001).
Conclusions
The GP was superior to the WB for strict temperature control during TTM.

Citations

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SaurabhC Sharda, MandipSingh Bhatia, RohitR Jakhotia, Ashish Behera, Atul Saroch, AshokKumar Pannu, HMohan Kumar
Brain Circulation.2023; 9(3): 185. CrossRef
Factors influencing deviation from target temperature during targeted temperature management in postcardiac arrest patients
Kanae Ochiai, Yasuhiro Otomo
Open Heart.2023; 10(2): e002459. CrossRef
Water Temperature Variability Is Associated with Neurologic Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors Who Underwent Targeted Temperature Management at 33°C
Seok Jin Ryu, Dong Hun Lee, Byung Kook Lee, Kyung Woon Jeung, Yong Hun Jung, Jung Soo Park, Jin Hong Min, Dong Ki Kim
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management.2022; 12(2): 74. CrossRef
Comparison of hydrogel pad and water-circulating blanket cooling methods for targeted temperature management: A propensity score-matched analysis from a prospective multicentre registry
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Use of a Servo-Controlled Cooling Gel Pad System to Regulate Body Temperature in Critically Ill Children
Gema Pérez, Gema Manrique, Julia García, Sara de la Mata, Débora Sanz, Jesús López-Herce
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine.2020; 21(12): e1094. CrossRef
Management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome
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Acute and Critical Care.2019; 34(3): 173. CrossRef

Case Report

CPR/Resuscitation
Acute aortic dissection developed after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: transesophageal echocardiographic observations and proposed mechanism of injury: Dong Keon Lee, Kyung Sik Kang, Yong Sung Cha, Kyoung-Chul Cha, Hyun Kim, Kang Hyun Lee, Sung Oh Hwang; Acute Crit Care. 2019;34(3):228-231. Published online April 26, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2015.00633

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

There has been no report about aortic dissection due to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We present here a case of acute aortic dissection as a rare complication of CPR and propose the potential mechanism of injury on the basis of transesophageal echocardiographic observations. A 54-year-old man presented with cardiac arrest after choking and received 19 minutes of CPR in the emergency department. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during CPR revealed a focal separation of the intimal layer at the descending thoracic aorta without evidence of aortic dissection. After restoration of spontaneous circulation, hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade developed. Follow-up TEE to investigate the cause of cardiac tamponade revealed aortic dissection of the descending thoracic aorta. Hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade was thought to be caused by myocardial hemorrhage from CPR.

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Thoracic Aortic Rupture Post Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Patient With Previous Thoracic Aneurysm Repair
Aniekeme S Etuk, Olanrewaju F Adeniran , Bernard I Nkwocha, Nformbuh Asangmbeng, Mina Jacob
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardiac Arrest as an Uncommon Manifestation of Late Type A Aortic Dissection Associated with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Jan Naar, Dagmar Vondrakova, Andreas Kruger, Marek Janotka, Iva Zemanova, Martin Syrucek, Petr Neuzil, Petr Ostadal
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(16): 5318. CrossRef
Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury and Contemporary Management Strategy
Ranjan Dahal, Yogesh Acharya, Alan H. Tyroch, Debabrata Mukherjee
Angiology.2022; 73(6): 497. CrossRef
Resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) as a mechanical method for increasing the coronary perfusion pressure in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients
Dong-Hyun Jang, Dong Keon Lee, You Hwan Jo, Seung Min Park, Young Taeck Oh, Chang Woo Im
Resuscitation.2022; 179: 277. CrossRef
Blunt traumatic aortic dissection death by falling: an autopsy case report
Gentaro Yamasaki, Marie Sugimoto, Takeshi Kondo, Motonori Takahashi, Mai Morichika, Azumi Kuse, Kanako Nakagawa, Yasuhiro Ueno, Migiwa Asano
Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology.2022; 19(3): 388. CrossRef
Intra-arrest transesophageal echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Sung Oh Hwang, Woo Jin Jung, Young-Il Roh, Kyoung-Chul Cha
Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2022; 9(4): 271. CrossRef
Intra-arrest transoesophageal echocardiographic findings and resuscitation outcomes
Woo Jin Jung, Kyoung-Chul Cha, Yong Won Kim, Yoon Seop Kim, Young-Il Roh, Sun Ju Kim, Hye Sim Kim, Sung Oh Hwang
Resuscitation.2020; 154: 31. CrossRef
Aortic Rupture as a Complication of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Prashanth Venkatesh, Edward J. Schenck
JACC: Case Reports.2020; 2(8): 1150. CrossRef

Original Articles

Cardiology/Emergency
Five-year Experience of Extracorporeal Life Support in Emergency Physicians: Yong Soo Cho, Kyoung Hwan Song, Byung Kook Lee, Kyung Woon Jeung, Yong Hun Jung, Dong Hun Lee, Sung Min Lee; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32(1):52-59. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00885

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study aimed to present our 5-year experience of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) performed by emergency physicians.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 58 patients who underwent ECPR between January 2010 and December 2014. The primary parameter analyzed was survival to hospital discharge. The secondary parameters analyzed were neurologic outcome at hospital discharge, cannulation time, and ECPR-related complications.
Results
Thirty-one patients (53.4%) were successfully weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 18 (31.0%) survived to hospital discharge. Twelve patients (20.7%) were discharged with good neurologic outcomes. The median cannulation time was 25.0 min (interquartile range 20.0-31.0 min). Nineteen patients (32.8%) had ECPR-related complications, the most frequent being distal limb ischemia. Regarding the initial presentation, 52 patients (83.9%) collapsed due to a cardiac etiology, and acute myocardial infarction (33/62, 53.2%) was the most common cause of cardiac arrest.
Conclusions
The survival to hospital discharge rate for cardiac arrest patients who underwent ECPR conducted by an emergency physician was within the acceptable limits. The cannulation time and complications following ECPR were comparable to those found in previous studies.

Citations

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Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation location, coronary angiography and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Yoonjic Kim, Jeong Ho Park, Sun Young Lee, Young Sun Ro, Ki Jeong Hong, Kyoung Jun Song, Sang Do Shin
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2023; 64: 142. CrossRef
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: time-dependent propensity score-sequential matching analysis from a nationwide population-based registry
Yeongho Choi, Jeong Ho Park, Joo Jeong, Yu Jin Kim, Kyoung Jun Song, Sang Do Shin
Critical Care.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Time from arrest to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Jeong Ho Park, Kyoung Jun Song, Sang Do Shin, Young Sun Ro, Ki Jeong Hong
Emergency Medicine Australasia.2019; 31(6): 1073. CrossRef
Pre-hospital extra-corporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Ben Singer, Joshua C. Reynolds, David J. Lockey, Ben O’Brien
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Thoracic Surgery
Blood Conservation Strategy during Cardiac Valve Surgery in Jehovah’s Witnesses: a Comparative Study with Non-Jehovah’s Witnesses: Tae Sik Kim, Jong Hyun Lee, Chan-Young Na; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(2):101-110. Published online May 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.101

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Abstract PDF

Background:
We compared the clinical outcomes of cardiac valve surgery in adult Jehovah’s Witness patients refusing blood transfusion to those in non-Jehovah’s Witness patients without any transfusion limitations.
Methods
From 2005 to 2014, 25 Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW group) underwent cardiac valve surgery using a blood conservation strategy. Twenty-five matched control patients (non-JW group) were selected according to sex, age, operation date, and surgeon. Both groups were managed according to general guidelines of anticoagulation for valve surgery.
Results
The operative mortality rate was 4.0% in the JW group and 0% in the non-JW group (p = 1.000). There was no difference in postoperative major complications between the groups (p = 1.000). The overall survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 85.6% ± 7.9% and 85.6% ± 7.9% in the JW group, respectively, and 100.0% ± 0.0% and 66.7% ± 27.2% in the non-JW group (p = 0.313). The valve-related morbidity-free survival rates (p = 0.625) and late morbidity-free survival rates (p = 0.885) were not significantly different between the groups.
Conclusions
Using a perioperative strategy for blood conservation, cardiac valve surgery without transfusion had comparable clinical outcomes in adult patients. This blood conservation strategy could be broadly applied to major surgeries with careful perioperative care.

Citations

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Optimising bloodless cardiovascular surgery for Jehovah’s Witnesses and beyond
Matti Jubouri, Fatemeh Hedayat, Sakina Abrar, Sophie L. Mellor, Louise J. Brown, Amer Harky
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Outcomes of perioperative management in Jehovah's Witness patients undergoing surgeries with a risk of bleeding: a retrospective, single-center, observational study
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Medical Biological Science and Engineering.2022; 5(1): 6. CrossRef

Case Reports

Cardiology/Thoracic Surgery
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 67 Days as a Bridge to Heart Transplantation in a Postcardiotomy Patient with Failing Heart and Mediastinitis: Hyoung Woo Chang, Yang Hyun Cho, Suhyun Cho, Kiick Sung, Pyo Won Park; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(4):295-298. Published online November 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.4.295

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of successful heart transplantation after 67 days of support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a patient who underwent surgery for type A aortic dissection and myocardial infarction complicated by irreversible myocardial damage and a deep sternal wound infection. During ECMO support, left heart vent and distal limb perfusion were performed. Mediastinitis was treated with mediastinal washout and irrigation. Multiple complications from peripheral ECMO were successfully managed.

Cardiology/Pediatric
Transfusion Associated Hyperkalemia and Cardiac Arrest in an Infant after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Do Wan Kim, Kyeong Ryeol Cheon, Duck Cho, Kyo Seon Lee, Hwa Jin Cho, In Seok Jeong; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(2):132-134. Published online May 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.2.132

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Abstract PDF

Cardiac arrest associated with hyperkalemia during red blood cell transfusion is a rare but fatal complication. Herein, we report a case of transfusion-associated cardiac arrest following the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in a 9-month old infant. Her serum potassium level was increased to 9.0 mEq/L, soon after the newly primed circuit with pre-stored red blood cell (RBC) was started and followed by sudden cardiac arrest. Eventually, circulation was restored and the potassium level decreased to 5.1 mEq/L after 5 min. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) priming is a relatively massive transfusion into a pediatric patient. Thus, to prevent cardiac arrest during blood-primed ECMO in neonates and infants, freshly irradiated and washed RBCs should be used when priming the ECMO circuit, to minimize the potassium concentration. Also, physicians should be aware of all possible complications associated with transfusions during ECMO.

Citations

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Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, transfusion-associated hyperkalemia, and potassium filtration: advancing safety and sufficiency of the blood supply
Kenneth E. Nollet, Alain M. Ngoma, Hitoshi Ohto
Transfusion and Apheresis Science.2022; 61(2): 103408. CrossRef
Transfusion-Associated Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest in Neonatal, Infant, and Pediatric Patients
Morgan Burke, Pranava Sinha, Naomi L. C. Luban, Nikki Gillum Posnack
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Double-filtered leukoreduction as a method for risk reduction of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
Sejong Chun, Minh-Trang Thi Phan, Saetbyul Hong, Jehoon Yang, Yeup Yoon, Sangbin Han, Jungwon Kang, Mark H. Yazer, Jaehyun Kim, Duck Cho, Senthilnathan Palaniyandi
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(3): e0229724. CrossRef
Anticoagulation Therapy during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support in Pediatric Patients
Hwa Jin Cho, Do Wan Kim, Gwan Sic Kim, In Seok Jeong
Chonnam Medical Journal.2017; 53(2): 110. CrossRef
Blood Transfusion Strategies in Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Yoon Hee Kim
The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2015; 30(3): 139. CrossRef

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