Acute and Critical Care

Original Articles

Cardiology
Evaluation of neopterin levels and kynurenine pathway in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Ibrahim Kember, Sonia Sanajou, Bilge Kilicarslan, Gözde Girgin, Terken Baydar; Acute Crit Care. 2023;38(3):325-332. Published online August 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2023.00024

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Background
Coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary artery disease. Several investigations have indicated that tear-sensitive plaques contain macrophages and T cells. Neopterin is an essential cellular immune response biomarker. The main goal of this study was to see if there were any changes in biomarkers like unconjugated pteridines, neopterin, and biopterin, as well as kynurenine pathway enzymes like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in tryptophan degradation, in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by angiographic atherosclerosis.
Methods
High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the amounts of neopterin, biopterin, and creatinine in urine samples, as well as tryptophan and kynurenine in serum samples. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the amounts of neopterin in serum samples. The measured parameters were evaluated between ACS patients and controls.
Results
The measured levels of neopterin, biopterin and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio reflecting IDO activity, and the specifically known biomarkers such as cardiac troponin, creatine kinase, myoglobin, and natriuretic peptides are statistically higher in ACS patients compared to control subjects. On the other hand, the measured parameters are inadequate to classify the conventional kinds of ACS, ST-elevation- and non-ST-elevation- myocardial infarction.
Conclusions
The study found that determining and using neopterin and IDO parameters as biomarkers in individuals with the ACS can support traditional biomarkers. However, it can be concluded that evaluating pteridine biomarkers solely have no privilege to clinical findings in ACS diagnosis and classification.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Biomarkers to monitor the prognosis, disease severity, and treatment efficacy in coronary artery disease
Armand N. Yazdani, Michaela Pletsch, Abraham Chorbajian, David Zitser, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K. Agrawal
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy.2023; 21(10): 675. CrossRef
Evaluation of Neopterin as a Neuroinflammatory Marker for Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Israa Abdelmalik Salem, Sura Ahmed Abdulsattar, Haider Fadhil Alrubaye
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ).2023; 5(1S): S183. CrossRef

Infection
Implications of Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Aldosterone Concentration in Critically Ill Patients with Septic Shock: Kyung Soo Chung, Joo Han Song, Won Jai Jung, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Moo Suk Park; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32(2):142-153. Published online May 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2017.00094

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is closely associated with volume status and vascular tone in septic shock. The present study aimed to assess whether plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) measurements compared with conventional severity indicators are associated with mortality in patients with septic shock.
Methods
We evaluated 105 patients who were admitted for septic shock. Plasma levels of the biomarkers PRA and PAC, the PAC/PRA ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and cortisol level on days 1, 3, and 7 were serially measured. During the intensive care unit stay, relevant clinical information and laboratory results were recorded.
Results
Patients were divided into two groups according to 28-day mortality: survivors (n = 59) and non-survivors (n = 46). The survivor group showed lower PRA, PAC, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score than did the non-survivor group (all P < 0.05). The SOFA score was positively correlated with PRA (r = 0.373, P < 0.001) and PAC (r = 0.316, P = 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve of PRA and PAC to predict 28-day mortality were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.79; P = 0.001) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.77; P = 0.003), respectively, similar to the APACHE II scores and SOFA scores. In particular, the group with PRA value ≥3.5 ng ml^-1 h^-1 on day 1 showed significantly greater mortality than did the group with PRA value <3.5 ng ml^-1 h^-1 (log-rank test, P < 0.001). According to multivariate analysis, SOFA score (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.22), PRA value ≥3.5 ng ml^-1 h^-1 (hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.60 to 6.60), previous history of cancer (hazard ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.72 to 6.90), and coronary arterial occlusive disease (hazard ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.08) were predictors of 28-day mortality.
Conclusions
Elevated PRA is a useful biomarker to stratify the risk of critically ill patients with septic shock and is a prognostic predictor of 28-day mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of Active Renin Content With Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Post hoc Analysis of the Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) Trial*
Laurence W. Busse, Christopher L. Schaich, Mark C. Chappell, Michael T. McCurdy, Erin M. Staples, Caitlin C. Ten Lohuis, Jeremiah S. Hinson, Jonathan E. Sevransky, Richard E. Rothman, David W. Wright, Greg S. Martin, Ashish K. Khanna
Critical Care Medicine.2024; 52(3): 441. CrossRef
Renin as a Prognostic Marker in Intensive Care and Perioperative Settings: A Scoping Review
Yuki Kotani, Alessandro Belletti, Giacomo Maiucci, Martina Lodovici, Stefano Fresilli, Giovanni Landoni, Rinaldo Bellomo, Alexander Zarbock
Anesthesia & Analgesia.2024; 138(5): 929. CrossRef
Renin as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker in Sepsis: More Questions Than Answers?*
Emily J. See, James A. Russell, Rinaldo Bellomo, Patrick R. Lawler
Critical Care Medicine.2024; 52(3): 509. CrossRef
Dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human septic shock
Christopher L. Schaich, Daniel E. Leisman, Marcia B. Goldberg, Micheal R. Filbin, Ashish K. Khanna, Mark C. Chappell
Peptides.2024; 176: 171201. CrossRef
Blood urea nitrogen - independent marker of mortality in sepsis
Martin Harazim, Kaiquan Tan, Marek Nalos, Martin Matejovic
Biomedical Papers.2023; 167(1): 24. CrossRef
Critically ill children with septic shock: time to rediscover renin?
Isabella Guzzo, Fabio Paglialonga
Pediatric Nephrology.2023; 38(9): 2907. CrossRef
The role of proadrenomedullin, interleukin 6 and CD64 in the diagnosis and prognosis of septic shock
Yasemin Bozkurt Turan
BMC Anesthesiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Renin Kinetics Are Superior to Lactate Kinetics for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Hypotensive Critically Ill Patients*
Maniraj Jeyaraju, Michael T. McCurdy, Andrea R. Levine, Prasad Devarajan, Michael A. Mazzeffi, Kristin E. Mullins, Michaella Reif, David N. Yim, Christopher Parrino, Allison S. Lankford, Jonathan H. Chow
Critical Care Medicine.2022; 50(1): 50. CrossRef
Mechanisms of Post-critical Illness Cardiovascular Disease
Andrew Owen, Jaimin M. Patel, Dhruv Parekh, Mansoor N. Bangash
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Renin as a Marker of Tissue Perfusion, Septic Shock and Mortality in Septic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Patrycja Leśnik, Lidia Łysenko, Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka, Ewa Woźnica-Niesobska, Magdalena Mierzchała-Pasierb, Jarosław Janc
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 9133. CrossRef
Angiotensin II and Vasopressin for Vasodilatory Shock: A Critical Appraisal of Catecholamine-Sparing Strategies
Mojdeh S. Heavner, Michael T. McCurdy, Michael A. Mazzeffi, Samuel M. Galvagno, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Jonathan H. Chow
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine.2021; 36(6): 635. CrossRef
Treatment of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Dysfunction With Angiotensin II in High-Renin Septic Shock
Jonathan H. Chow, Marianne Wallis, Allison S. Lankford, Zackary Chancer, Rolf N. Barth, Joseph R. Scalea, John C. LaMattina, Michael A. Mazzeffi, Michael T. McCurdy
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2021; 25(1): 67. CrossRef
Good clinical practice for the use of vasopressor and inotropic drugs in critically ill patients: state-of-the-art and expert consensus
Andrea CARSETTI, Elena BIGNAMI, Andrea CORTEGIANI, Katia DONADELLO, Abele DONATI, Giuseppe FOTI, Giacomo GRASSELLI, Stefano ROMAGNOLI, Massimo ANTONELLI, Elvio DE BLASIO, Francesco FORFORI, Fabio GUARRACINO, Sabino SCOLLETTA, Luigi TRITAPEPE, Luigia SCUDE
Minerva Anestesiologica.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of Angiotensin II in Severe Vasoplegia After Left Pneumonectomy Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Renin Response Analysis
Brian Trethowan, Christopher J. Michaud, Sarah Fifer
Critical Care Medicine.2020; 48(10): e912. CrossRef
Renin as a Marker of Tissue-Perfusion and Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients*
Patrick J. Gleeson, Ilaria Alice Crippa, Wasineenart Mongkolpun, Federica Zama Cavicchi, Tess Van Meerhaeghe, Serge Brimioulle, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Jean-Louis Vincent, Jacques Creteur
Critical Care Medicine.2019; 47(2): 152. CrossRef

Pulmonary
Effect of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockage in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Case Control Study: Joohae Kim, Sun Mi Choi, Jinwoo Lee, Young Sik Park, Chang Hoon Lee, Jae-Joon Yim, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Sang-Min Lee; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32(2):154-163. Published online May 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00976

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185 Download
29 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF

Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a life-threatening disease. Many patients with ARDS do not recover fully, and progress to terminal lung fibrosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor is known to modulate the neurohormonal system to reduce inflammation and to prevent tissue fibrosis. However, the role of ACE inhibitor in the lungs is not well understood. We therefore conducted this study to elucidate the effect of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockage on the prognosis of patients with ARDS.
Methods
We analyzed medical records of patients who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) at a tertiary care hospital from January 2005 to December 2010. ARDS was determined using the Berlin definition. The primary outcome was the mortality rate of ICU. Survival analysis was performed after adjustment using propensity score matching.
Results
A total of 182 patients were included in the study. Thirty-seven patients (20.3%) took ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) during ICU admission, and 145 (79.7%) did not; both groups showed similar severity scores. In the ICU, mortality was 45.9% in the RAS inhibitor group and 58.6% in the non-RAS inhibitor group (P = 0.166). The RAS inhibitor group required a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (29.5 vs. 19.5, P = 0.013) and longer ICU stay (32.1 vs. 20.2 days, P < 0.001). In survival analysis, the RAS inhibitor group showed better survival rates than the non-RAS group (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
ACE inhibitor or ARB may have beneficial effect on ARDS patients.

Citations

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