Acute and Critical Care

Original Articles

Pulmonary
Risk factors for mortality in intensive care unit patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in South Korea: Yong Hoon Lee, Jaehee Lee, Byunghyuk Yu, Won Kee Lee, Sun Ha Choi, Ji Eun Park, Hyewon Seo, Seung Soo Yoo, Shin Yup Lee, Seung-Ick Cha, Chang Ho Kim, Jae Yong Park; Acute Crit Care. 2023;38(4):442-451. Published online November 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2023.00682

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Background
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data on the prognostic factors associated with S. maltophilia pneumonia in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are lacking.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 117 patients with S. maltophilia pneumonia admitted to the ICUs of two tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea between January 2011 and December 2022. To assess risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results
The median age of the study population was 71 years. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was 76.1% of cases, and the median length of ICU stay before the first isolation of S. maltophilia was 15 days. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 82.1%, and factors independently associated with mortality were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.09; P=0.046), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (OR, 1.21; 95%; CI, 1.02–1.43; P=0.025), corticosteroid use (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.26–13.91; P=0.019), and polymicrobial infection (OR, 95% CI 0.07–0.69). However, the impact of appropriate antibiotic therapy on mortality was insignificant. In a subgroup of patients who received appropriate antibiotic therapy (n=58), antibiotic treatment modality-related variables, including combination or empirical therapy, also showed no significant association with survival.
Conclusions
Patients with S. maltophilia pneumonia in ICU have high mortality rates. Older age, higher SOFA score, and corticosteroid use were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality, whereas polymicrobial infection was associated with lower mortality. The effect of appropriate antibiotic therapy on prognosis was insignificant.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Outbreak in an ICU: Investigation of Possible Routes of Transmission and Implementation of Infection Control Measures
Maria Luisa Cristina, Marina Sartini, Gianluca Ottria, Elisa Schinca, Giulia Adriano, Leonello Innocenti, Marco Lattuada, Stefania Tigano, David Usiglio, Filippo Del Puente
Pathogens.2024; 13(5): 369. CrossRef
Establishment and evaluation of a rapid method for the detection of bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized patients via multiplex PCR–capillary electrophoresis (MPCE)
Jie Wang, Pei Zhao, Mengchuan Zhao, Duoxiao Zhang, Shan Chen, Ying Liu, Yuan Gao, Yanqing Tie, Zhishan Feng, Siu-Kei Chow
Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Trauma
Association of Glasgow coma scale and endotracheal intubation in predicting mortality among patients admitted to the intensive care unit: Nader Markazi Moghaddam, Mohammad Fathi, Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Mohammad Darvishi, Morteza Mortazavi; Acute Crit Care. 2023;38(1):113-121. Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00927

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Abstract PDF: Background
We assessed predictors of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) and investigated if Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is associated with mortality in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation (EI). Methods: From February 2020, we performed a 1-year study on 2,055 adult patients admitted to the ICU of two teaching hospitals. The outcome was mortality during ICU stay and the predictors were patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory features. Results: EI was associated with a decreased risk for mortality compared with similar patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.32; P=0.030). This shows that EI had been performed correctly with proper indications. Increasing age (AOR, 1.04; P<0.001) or blood pressure (AOR, 1.01; P<0.001), respiratory problems (AOR, 3.24; P<0.001), nosocomial infection (AOR, 1.64; P=0.014), diabetes (AOR, 5.69; P<0.001), history of myocardial infarction (AOR, 2.52; P<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AOR, 3.93; P<0.001), immunosuppression (AOR, 3.15; P<0.001), and the use of anesthetics/sedatives/hypnotics for reasons other than EI (AOR, 4.60; P<0.001) were directly; and GCS (AOR, 0.84; P<0.001) was inversely related to mortality. In patients with trauma surgeries (AOR, 0.62; P=0.014) or other surgical categories (AOR, 0.61; P=0.024) undergoing EI, GCS had an inverse relation with mortality (accuracy=82.6%, area under the receiver operator characteristic curve=0.81). Conclusions: A variety of features affected the risk for mortality in patients admitted to the ICU. Considering GCS score for EI had the potential of affecting prognosis in subgroups of patients such as those with trauma surgeries or other surgical categories.

Trauma
Timing and Associated Factors for Sepsis-3 in Severe Trauma Patients: A 3-Year Single Trauma Center Experience: Seungwoo Chung, Donghwan Choi, Jayun Cho, Yo Huh, Jonghwan Moon, Junsik Kwon, Kyoungwon Jung, John-Cook Jong Lee, Byung Hee Kang; Acute Crit Care. 2018;33(3):130-134. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2018.00122

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Abstract PDF

Background
We hypothesized that the recent change of sepsis definition by sepsis-3 would facilitate the measurement of timing of sepsis for trauma patients presenting with initial systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Moreover, we investigated factors associated with sepsis according to the sepsis-3 definition.
Methods
Trauma patients in a single level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to December 2016. Exclusion criteria were younger than 18 years, Injury Severity Score (ISS) <15, length of stay <8 days, transferred from other hospitals, uncertain trauma history, and incomplete medical records. A binary logistic regression test was used to identify the risk factors for sepsis-3.
Results
A total of 3,869 patients were considered and, after a process of exclusion, 422 patients were reviewed. Fifty patients (11.85%) were diagnosed with sepsis. The sepsis group presented with higher mortality (14 [28.0%] vs. 17 [4.6%], P<0.001) and longer intensive care unit stay (23 days [range, 11 to 35 days] vs. 3 days [range, 1 to 9 days], P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, in men, high lactate level and red blood cell transfusion within 24 hours were risk factors for sepsis. The median timing of sepsis-3 was at 8 hospital days and 4 postoperative days. The most common focus was the respiratory system.
Conclusions
Sepsis defined by sepsis-3 remains a critical issue in severe trauma patients. Male patients with higher ISS, lactate level, and red blood cell transfusion should be cared for with caution. Reassessment of sepsis should be considered at day 8 of hospital stay or day 4 postoperatively.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A biomarker panel of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and serum amyloid A is a predictor of sepsis in severe trauma patients
Mei Li, Yan-jun Qin, Xin-liang Zhang, Chun-hua Zhang, Rui-juan Ci, Wei Chen, De-zheng Hu, Shi-min Dong
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying biomarkers deciphering sepsis from trauma-induced sterile inflammation and trauma-induced sepsis
Praveen Papareddy, Michael Selle, Nicolas Partouche, Vincent Legros, Benjamin Rieu, Jon Olinder, Cecilia Ryden, Eva Bartakova, Michal Holub, Klaus Jung, Julien Pottecher, Heiko Herwald
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Road to Sepsis in Geriatric Polytrauma Patients—Can We Forecast Sepsis in Trauma Patients?
Cédric Niggli, Philipp Vetter, Jan Hambrecht, Hans-Christoph Pape, Ladislav Mica
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1570. CrossRef
Defining Posttraumatic Sepsis for Population-Level Research
Katherine Stern, Qian Qiu, Michael Weykamp, Grant O’Keefe, Scott C. Brakenridge
JAMA Network Open.2023; 6(1): e2251445. CrossRef
Strategies for the treatment of femoral fractures in severely injured patients: trends in over two decades from the TraumaRegister DGU®
Felix M. Bläsius, Markus Laubach, Hagen Andruszkow, Philipp Lichte, Hans-Christoph Pape, Rolf Lefering, Klemens Horst, Frank Hildebrand
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.2022; 48(3): 1769. CrossRef
Infectious Diseases-Related Emergency Department Visits Among Non-Elderly Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States: Results from the National Emergency Department Sample, 2016
Hussaini Zandam, Monika Mitra, Ilhom Akobirshoev, Frank S. Li, Ari Ne'eman
Population Health Management.2022; 25(3): 335. CrossRef
Patient, provider, and system factors that contribute to health care–associated infection and sepsis development in patients after a traumatic injury: An integrative review
Debbie Tan, Taneal Wiseman, Vasiliki Betihavas, Kaye Rolls
Australian Critical Care.2021; 34(3): 269. CrossRef
Accuracy of Procalcitonin Levels for Diagnosis of Culture-Positive Sepsis in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Aisha Bakhtiar, Syed Jawad Haider Kazmi, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem Khurshaidi, Salman Mazhar, Noman A Khan, Nisar Ahmed, Farah Yasmin, Rabail Yaseen, Maira Hassan
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
An Evaluation of the Effect of Performance Improvement and Patient Safety Program Implemented in a New Regional Trauma Center of Korea
Yo Huh, Junsik Kwon, Jonghwan Moon, Byung Hee Kang, Sora Kim, Jayoung Yoo, Seoyoung Song, Kyoungwon Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of infection complications after trauma differs according to trauma severity
Akira Komori, Hiroki Iriyama, Takako Kainoh, Makoto Aoki, Toshio Naito, Toshikazu Abe
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Gene Expression–Based Diagnosis of Infections in Critically Ill Patients—Prospective Validation of the SepsisMetaScore in a Longitudinal Severe Trauma Cohort
Simone Thair, Caspar Mewes, José Hinz, Ingo Bergmann, Benedikt Büttner, Stephan Sehmisch, Konrad Meissner, Michael Quintel, Timothy E. Sweeney, Purvesh Khatri, Ashham Mansur
Critical Care Medicine.2021; 49(8): e751. CrossRef
Immunometabolic signatures predict risk of progression to sepsis in COVID-19
Ana Sofía Herrera-Van Oostdam, Julio E. Castañeda-Delgado, Juan José Oropeza-Valdez, Juan Carlos Borrego, Joel Monárrez-Espino, Jiamin Zheng, Rupasri Mandal, Lun Zhang, Elizabeth Soto-Guzmán, Julio César Fernández-Ruiz, Fátima Ochoa-González, Flor M. Trej
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(8): e0256784. CrossRef
Sepsis in Trauma: A Deadly Complication
Fernanda Mas-Celis, Jimena Olea-López, Javier Alberto Parroquin-Maldonado
Archives of Medical Research.2021; 52(8): 808. CrossRef
New automated analysis to monitor neutrophil function point-of-care in the intensive care unit after trauma
Lillian Hesselink, Roy Spijkerman, Emma de Fraiture, Suzanne Bongers, Karlijn J. P. Van Wessem, Nienke Vrisekoop, Leo Koenderman, Luke P. H. Leenen, Falco Hietbrink
Intensive Care Medicine Experimental.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Atrial Fibrillation Developed after Induction of General Anesthesia in an Elderly Patient: A case report: Seok Ho Han, Jin Woo Choi; Korean J Crit Care Med. 1998;13(2):261-261.

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Abstract PDF: It is known that the incidence of arrhythmia related to anesthesia and operation is significantly higher in thoracic surgery such as cardiac, lung operation than any other operation, and atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia among these arrhythmias. Besides operative sites, age and underlying cardiac problem such as hypertension, cardiomegaly can be important risk factors for intra, post-operative atrial fibrillation in non-thoracic surgery. Through many investigations, we can find that age is the most important because age related anatomical, physiological cardiac changes make elderly patients more susceptible to development of atrial fibrillation. In this case, we report atrial fibrillation that occurred after induction of general anesthesia in an elderly patient undergoing open reduction of upper arm fracture.

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