1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
2Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2022 The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristics | All patients | 2007–2012 | 2013–2017 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 1,274 | 591 | 683 | |
Age (yr) | 87.8±2.9 | 87.7±2.8 | 87.9±3.0 | 0.243 |
Men | 603 (47.3) | 292 (49.4) | 311 (45.5) | 0.167 |
SOFA score | 14.2±4.4 | 14.5±4.5 | 13.9±4.4 | 0.033 |
Reason for index ICU admission | ||||
Medical | 916 (71.9) | 396 (67.0) | 520 (76.1) | <0.001 |
Surgical | 358 (28.1) | 195 (33.0) | 163 (23.9) | <0.001 |
Admission source | 0.041 | |||
Ward | 298 (23.4) | 121 (20.5) | 177 (25.9) | |
Emergency room | 945 (74.2) | 458 (77.5) | 487 (71.3) | |
Others | 31 (2.4) | 12 (2.0) | 19 (2.8) | |
Underlying disease | 1,028 (80.7) | 463 (78.3) | 565 (82.7) | 0.048 |
Hypertension | 840 (65.9) | 373 (63.1) | 467 (68.4) | 0.048 |
Chronic heart disease | 281 (22.1) | 102 (17.3) | 179 (26.2) | <0.001 |
Hematologic malignancy | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.481 |
Solid tumor | 63 (4.9) | 18 (3.0) | 45 (6.6) | 0.004 |
Chronic liver disease | 10 (0.8) | 6 (1.0) | 4 (0.6) | 0.386 |
Chronic lung disease | 81 (6.4) | 36 (6.1) | 45 (6.6) | 0.717 |
DM | 336 (26.4) | 159 (26.9) | 177 (25.9) | 0.690 |
CKD | 46 (3.6) | 17 (2.9) | 29 (4.2) | 0.191 |
CVA | 147 (11.5) | 55 (9.3) | 92 (13.5) | 0.020 |
Nonoperative admission diagnoses | ||||
Cardiovascular | 357 (39.0) | 152 (38.4) | 205 (39.4) | 0.749 |
Respiratory | 165 (18.0) | 82 (20.7) | 83 (16.0) | 0.064 |
Gastrointestinal & hepatobiliary | 81 (8.8) | 39 (9.8) | 42 (8.1) | 0.350 |
Nephrological | 16 (1.7) | 8 (2.0) | 8 (1.5) | 0.581 |
Oncologic | 4 (0.4) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 0.199 |
Infection | 13 (1.4) | 9 (2.3) | 4 (0.8) | 0.057 |
Hematologic | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 0.105 |
Neurologic | 116 (12.7) | 45 (11.4) | 71 (13.7) | 0.302 |
Others |
162 (17.7) | 56 (14.1) | 106 (20.4) | 0.014 |
Operative admission diagnoses | ||||
Cardiovascular | 89 (24.9) | 45 (23.1) | 44 (27.0) | 0.393 |
Gastrointestinal & hepatobiliary | 109 (30.4) | 50 (25.6) | 59 (36.2) | 0.031 |
Orthopedic | 65 (18.2) | 50 (25.6) | 15 (9.2) | <0.001 |
Renal | 12 (3.4) | 5 (2.6) | 7 (4.3) | 0.365 |
Neurosurgical | 50 (14.0) | 29 (14.9) | 21 (12.9) | 0.589 |
Respiratory | 15 (4.2) | 9 (4.6) | 6 (3.7) | 0.660 |
Gynecologic | 2 (0.6) | 0 | 2 (1.2) | 0.121 |
Others |
16 (4.5) | 7 (3.6) | 9 (5.5) | 0.378 |
Characteristics | All patients | 2007–2012 | 2013–2017 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Support during index ICU stay | ||||
Mechanical ventilation | 432 (33.9) | 205 (34.7) | 227 (33.2) | 0.585 |
Ventilator weaning (n=432) | 273 (63.2) | 120 (58.5) | 153 (67.4) | 0.056 |
Noninvasive ventilation | 15 (1.2) | 4 (0.7) | 11 (1.6) | 0.123 |
Vasopressor | 414 (32.5) | 174 (29.4) | 240 (35.1) | 0.030 |
Renal replacement therapy | 99 (7.8) | 50 (8.5) | 49 (7.2) | 0.393 |
CAG | 59 (4.6) | 32 (5.4) | 27 (4.0) | 0.216 |
Outcome | ||||
ICU mortality |
163 (12.8) | 86 (14.6) | 77 (11.3) | 0.076 |
28-day ICU mortality | 145 (11.4) | 77 (13.0) | 68 (10.0) | 0.071 |
In-hospital mortality |
228 (17.9) | 126 (21.3) | 102 (14.9) | 0.001 |
ICU LOS | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–7.0) | 2.0 (1.0–6.0) | 0.283 |
Hospital LOS | 12.0 (6.0–24.0) | 13.0 (6.0–28.0) | 11.0 (5.0–22.0) | 0.041 |
Variable | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Age | 1.036 | 0.993–1.082 | 0.104 | |||
Men | 1.022 | 0.784–1.333 | 0.871 | |||
SOFA score | 1.049 | 1.020–1.078 | 0.001 | 0.979 | 0.946–1.013 | 0.218 |
ICU admission due to medical reason | 2.034 | 1.454–2.845 | <0.001 | 0.990 | 0.615–1.594 | 0.969 |
Admission source | ||||||
Ward | Reference | |||||
Emergency room | 1.819 | 1.289–2.567 | 0.001 | 1.970 | 1.247–3.112 | 0.004 |
Others | 1.534 | 0.605–3.894 | 0.368 | 2.220 | 0.837–5.883 | 0.109 |
Underlying disease | ||||||
Hypertension | 0.974 | 0.734–1.292 | 0.855 | |||
Chronic heart disease | 0.770 | 0.558–1.064 | 0.114 | |||
Solid tumor | 0.560 | 0.264–1.190 | 0.132 | |||
DM | 1.087 | 0.820–1.441 | 0.562 | |||
Chronic kidney disease | 1.047 | 0.554–1.978 | 0.888 | |||
Cerebrovascular accident | 1.378 | 0.956–1.986 | 0.085 | |||
Laboratory findings | ||||||
White blood cell (×103/ul) | 1.032 | 1.022–1.042 | <0.001 | 1.005 | 0.984–1.025 | 0.663 |
Platelet (×103/ul) | 0.999 | 0.997–1.000 | 0.092 | 0.999 | 0.997–1.001 | 0.601 |
Albumin (g/dl) | 0.720 | 0.583–0.891 | 0.002 | 0.871 | 0.660–1.150 | 0.331 |
T-bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.115 | 1.041–1.193 | 0.002 | 1.060 | 0.961–1.168 | 0.244 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.266 | 1.181–1.357 | <0.001 | 1.234 | 1.085–1.402 | 0.001 |
C-reactive protein (ng/ml) | 1.021 | 1.007–1.035 | 0.004 | 0.992 | 0.972–1.013 | 0.438 |
Support during index ICU stay | ||||||
Ventilator weaning | 0.062 | 0.037–0.104 | <0.001 | 0.064 | 0.036–0.115 | <0.001 |
Vasopressor | 2.954 | 2.246–3.884 | <0.001 | 1.550 | 1.004–2.394 | 0.048 |
Renal replacement therapy | 3.434 | 2.555–4.614 | <0.001 | 1.035 | 0.658–1.629 | 0.882 |
2013–2017 (compared to 2007–2012) | 0.803 | 0.618–1.044 | 0.101 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU: intensive care unit; DM: diabetes mellitus; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident. Others include department of rehabilitation, psychiatry, endocrinology, and emergency medicine; Others include otolaryngology, plastic surgery, dentistry, and endocrine surgery.
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). ICU: intensive care unit; CAG: coronary angiography; LOS: length of stay. Statistics were performed by correcting for the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, reason for admission to ICU, hypertension, chronic heart disease, solid tumor, and cerebrovascular accident among the underlying diseases, which had a P<0.1 difference in the patient's underlying characteristics.
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU: intensive care unit; DM: diabetes mellitus.